It is no longer news that the United States has restated its commitment toward lowering carbon emissions and taking an active part in the quest to normalize environmentally friendly measures on the global scene. This drastic shift in policymaking will spur the introduction and establishment of more stringent approaches to climate change. Undoubtedly, the reentering of the United States in the climate change conversation is indicative of the seriousness of this crisis and the drastic decisions countries would likely make to meet the environmental goals set in Paris, known as the Paris Agreement.
At the heart of this political and economic restructuring is the growing impact of innovative technologies in the pursuit of a sustainable environment. You would expect that innovations should contribute positively to this movement. It is futile to invest trillions of dollars in developing new technologies without factoring in the long-term propensity of adhering to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, especially on matters relating to environmental sustainability. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the viability of blockchain from the critical lenses of an environmentalist.
Related: Blockchain tech makes sustainable development goals more achievable
Is there a place for blockchain in an environmentally conscious society?
Blockchain has become one of the most revered technologies in the last couple of years due to the growing acceptance of digital assets. The possibility of enabling a new order of monetary services has propelled the technology to the hallowed realm of innovations potent enough to fuel the Fourth Industrial Revolution. However, at the moment, the most widely used application of blockchain technology — Bitcoin (BTC) — tends to attract unwanted publicity regarding its role in climate change.
Related: The UN’s ‘decade of delivery’ needs blockchain to succeed
Bitcoin utilizes a process called mining to mint new coins. This requires miners to solve highly complex problems with advanced computing machines to create new blocks and receive new coins as rewards. It goes without saying that this mechanism plays a pivotal role in securing the network against manipulations and double-spending. Since Bitcoin relies on a decentralized approach to consensus, it is therefore understandable that it has sought to replace intermediaries with a nodal-based verification system, called proof-of-work. Here, the commitment toward allocating computing power to the network improves the chances of emerging as a stakeholder momentarily.
Related: Bitcoin mining: The next decade of sustainable crypto innovation begins today
Even though this approach is laudable, it is not eco-friendly. The sheer amount of energy required to sustain the Bitcoin network has come under intense scrutiny. The carbon footprint of the global Bitcoin mining operations is comparable to that of New Zealand. Another telling factor of PoW’s environmental unfriendliness came to light in 2019, when researchers discovered that Bitcoin mining accounted for 0.2% of electricity consumed globally.
Related: Is Bitcoin a waste of energy? Pros and cons of Bitcoin mining
How can blockchain become more environmentally friendly?
Remarkably, the nascent but explosive blockchain industry has developed several other consensus models. These alternatives are designed to eliminate the limitations of the proof-of-work mechanism. As such, they are more in tune with the environmental movement. Some of the models introduced over the years are proof-of-stake, practical Byzantine fault tolerance, proof-of-burn and proof-of-weight. Instead of entailing miners to solve problems, these models opt for less energy-intensive tasks to secure blockchain networks and validate transactions.
For instance, PoS elevates participants that are financially committed to the ecosystem to the role of validators. Here, the algorithm picks validators from a well of individuals or entities that have locked a required number of coins on the blockchain.
Alternatively, proof-of-weight weighs the resources or reputation of participants when choosing validators, while proof-of-burn evaluates the capacity of network members to burn coins — sending coins to an irrecoverable address. Notably, all these models veer away from the electricity-consuming approach of PoW and handpick validators based on their commitment to ensuring that the network maintains a healthy state.
Blockchains should embrace eco-friendly measures
Regardless of the backlash brought about by energy consumed by crypto mining activities, reports have documented the operational shift of miners from unsustainable energy sources to renewable alternatives. Coinshares reported that the Bitcoin mining energy mix stood at 74.1% in 2019 due to the concentration of the mining sector in countries or regions with cheap hydro-powered electricity. While this proves that the blockchain community is environmentally conscious, it does not eliminate the threat posed by Bitcoin mining to the environment.
Now more than ever, technologies are judged by their energy efficiencies. For one, existing and new PoW-powered blockchains can set up special coin rewards for miners who rely solely on clean energy. Other than incentivizing the use of renewable energy, they can penalize defaulters. Blockchain networks can deny payments to miners that cannot prove that they utilize green energy.
Related: Bitcoin mining’s future is green, and Russia has the best chance
Enterprise blockchain implementations
As stated earlier, Bitcoin is an energy-consuming venture because it focuses on preserving the decentralization of its network. For blockchain applications that do not necessarily require an element of decentralization, there is no reason to implement highly demanding consensus models. Since most organizations are looking to enable permissioned blockchain infrastructures, it is safe to say that the influx of such networks would temper the current narrative. We are constantly being reminded of blockchain’s unsustainability because the most popular blockchain applications depend on mining. As the technology matures, more innovative and eco-friendly iterations are bound to emerge.
Final thoughts
As highlighted in this text, the viability of blockchain technology and its environmental sustainability are intertwined. For what it’s worth, the emergence of a variety of consensus mechanisms is an indication that the intentional attempts to curtail the excesses of blockchain energy consumption are already yielding results.
This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.
The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.
Andrey Sergeenkov is an independent researcher, analyst and writer in the cryptocurrency niche. As a firm supporter of blockchain technology and a decentralized world, he believes that the world craves such decentralization in government, society and business. He is the founder of BTC Peers, an independent media outlet.
